The influence of adult literacy programs on economic independence among orphans in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State
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Background of the Study
Orphans in many parts of Nigeria face significant socio-economic challenges that impede their ability to achieve economic independence. In Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State, adult literacy programs have emerged as a crucial intervention aimed at breaking the cycle of poverty among orphans. These programs are designed to equip orphans with essential reading, writing, and numeracy skills, thereby enhancing their capacity to secure employment or engage in entrepreneurial activities (Yusuf, 2023). The focus of these literacy programs is not merely on basic education but also on imparting practical skills that are directly applicable to economic activities. By integrating vocational training and life skills into the curriculum, these initiatives help orphans develop self-reliance and foster a sense of empowerment (Suleiman, 2024). Research has shown that improved literacy levels can lead to increased economic opportunities and a higher quality of life, as individuals become more competitive in the job market (Dikko, 2025). The socio-cultural context in Gombe further underscores the need for such programs, as traditional support systems for orphans have diminished due to urbanization and changing family dynamics. Adult literacy programs provide a lifeline for these vulnerable individuals by offering a structured environment where they can learn and grow, both intellectually and economically. Moreover, these programs often serve as a bridge to further educational opportunities and vocational training, thereby facilitating a gradual transition from dependency to economic independence. The long-term impact of these initiatives is seen in the improved self-esteem and social integration of program participants, who are better prepared to contribute to their communities. In this light, adult literacy programs represent a transformative approach to addressing the systemic challenges faced by orphans, making them a critical area of focus for policymakers and educators alike (Yusuf, 2023; Suleiman, 2024).
Statement of the Problem
Orphans in Gombe face persistent challenges related to low literacy levels, which significantly impede their ability to achieve economic independence. The lack of effective adult literacy programs tailored to the unique needs of orphans contributes to a cycle of poverty and social exclusion (Dikko, 2025). Despite existing efforts by governmental and non-governmental organizations, many of these programs fail to address the specific barriers that orphans encounter, such as emotional trauma, lack of continuous support, and limited access to resources. Consequently, orphans are often left without the necessary skills to secure employment or engage in income-generating activities, leading to long-term economic dependency. This gap in educational provision not only perpetuates poverty but also hinders the overall social development of the community. Moreover, the absence of targeted interventions that focus on both literacy and vocational skills results in an underutilization of the potential benefits of adult education. This study seeks to investigate how adult literacy programs can be redesigned and improved to promote economic independence among orphans in Gombe, thereby addressing a critical gap in current social development strategies (Yusuf, 2023; Suleiman, 2024).
Objectives of the Study
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To evaluate the effectiveness of adult literacy programs in fostering economic independence among orphans in Gombe.
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To identify the barriers that limit the success of existing literacy programs for orphans.
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To propose improvements to adult literacy programs that can enhance the economic opportunities for orphans.
Research Questions
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How do adult literacy programs influence the economic independence of orphans in Gombe?
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What are the primary challenges faced by orphans in accessing and benefiting from adult literacy programs?
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How can adult literacy programs be improved to better support the economic empowerment of orphans?
Research Hypotheses
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H₁: Participation in adult literacy programs is positively associated with increased economic independence among orphans.
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H₂: Barriers in current literacy programs significantly hinder the economic empowerment of orphans.
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H₃: Tailored improvements in adult literacy programs will lead to enhanced economic opportunities for orphans in Gombe.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it highlights the role of adult literacy programs in empowering orphans economically. The insights provided will assist stakeholders in designing targeted interventions that foster self-reliance and reduce poverty among vulnerable populations (Yusuf, 2023; Suleiman, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is limited to examining the influence of adult literacy programs on economic independence among orphans in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State. It focuses exclusively on literacy initiatives and does not encompass other support programs.
Definitions of Terms
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Adult Literacy Programs: Educational initiatives aimed at improving reading, writing, and numeracy skills among adults.
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Economic Independence: The ability of an individual to support themselves financially without reliance on external aid.
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Orphans: Individuals who have lost one or both parents and are particularly vulnerable to socio-economic disadvantages.
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